• Aspects related to variability of radiative cooling by NO in lower thermosphere, TEC and O/N2 correlation, and diffusion of NO into mesosphere during the Halloween storms 

      Ranjan, Alok Kumar; Krishna, M.V. Sunil; Kumar, Akash; Sarkhel, Sumanta; Bharti, Gaurav; Bender, Stefan; Sinnhuber, Miriam (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Nitric Oxide is a very important trace species which plays a significant role acting as a natural thermostat in Earth’s thermosphere during strong geomagnetic activity. In this paper, we present various aspects related to ...
    • Estimating and Reporting Uncertainties in Remotely Sensed Atmospheric Composition and Temperature 

      von Clarmann, Thomas; Degenstein, Doug A.; Livsey, Nathaniel J; Bender, Stefan; Braverman, Amy; Butz, André; Compernolle, Steven; Damadeo, Robert; Dueck, Seth; Eriksson, Patrick; Funke, Bernd; Johnson, Margaret C; Kasai, Yasuko; Keppens, Arno; Kleinert, Anne; Kramarova, Natalya; Laeng, Alexandra; Payne, Vivienne H; Rozanov, Alexei; Sato, Tomohiro O; Schneider, Matthias; Sheese, Patrick; Sofieva, Viktoria; Stiller, Gabriele P; von Savigny, Christian H.P.; Zawada, Daniel (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Remote sensing of atmospheric state variables typically relies on the inverse solution of the radiative transfer equation. An adequately characterized retrieval provides information on the uncertainties of the estimated ...
    • HEPPA III Intercomparison Experiment on Electron Precipitation Impacts: 1. Estimated Ionization Rates During a Geomagnetic Active Period in April 2010 

      Tyssøy, Hilde Nesse; Sinnhuber, M.; Asikainen, T.; Bender, Stefan; Clilverd, M.A.; Funke, B.; van de Kamp, M.; Pettit, J.M.; Randall, C.E.; Reddmann, T.; Rodger, C.J.; Rozanov, E.; Smith-Johnsen, Christine; Sukhodolov, T.; Verronen, P.T.; Wissing, J.M.; Yakovchuk, O. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Precipitating auroral and radiation belt electrons are considered an important part of the natural forcing of the climate system. Recent studies suggest that this forcing is underestimated in current chemistry-climate ...
    • Heppa III Intercomparison Experiment on Electron Precipitation Impacts: 2. Model-Measurement Intercomparison of Nitric Oxide (NO) During a Geomagnetic Storm in April 2010 

      Sinnhuber, M.; Tyssøy, Hilde Nesse; Asikainen, T.; Bender, Stefan; Funke, B.; Hendrickx, K.; Pettit, J.M.; Reddmann, T.; Rozanov, E.; Schmidt, H.; Smith-Johnsen, Christine; Sukhodolov, T.; Szeląg, M.E.; van de Kamp, de; Verronen, P.T.; Wissing, J.M.; Yakovchuk, O.S. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Precipitating auroral and radiation belt electrons are considered to play an important part in the natural forcing of the middle atmosphere with a possible impact on the climate system. Recent studies suggest that this ...
    • Mesospheric nitric oxide model from SCIAMACHY data 

      Bender, Stefan; Sinnhuber, M; Espy, Patrick Joseph; Burrows, John P. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      We present an empirical model for nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere (60–90 km) derived from SCIAMACHY limb scan data. Our model relates the daily (longitudinally) averaged NO number densities from SCIAMACHY as a function ...
    • NRLMSIS 2.1: An Empirical Model of Nitric Oxide Incorporated Into MSIS 

      Emmert, John T.; Jones Jr, M.; Siskind, David E.; Drob, D. P.; Picone, J. M.; Stevens, M. H.; Bailey, Scott M.; Bender, Stefan; Bernath, Peter F.; Funke, Bernd; Hervig, Mark E.; Pérot, Kristell (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      We have developed an empirical model of nitric oxide (NO) number density at altitudes from ∼73 km to the exobase, as a function of altitude, latitude, day of year, solar zenith angle, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. ...
    • Validation of SSUSI-derived auroral electron densities: comparisons to EISCAT data 

      Bender, Stefan; Espy, Patrick Joseph; Paxton, Larry J. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The coupling of the atmosphere to the space environment has become recognized as an important driver of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. In order to quantify the effects of particle precipitation on the atmosphere, ...